12.2 Acid–base titrations
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12. List the required equipment and materials for performing an acid–base titration.
A calibrated volumetric burette, a single-volume volumetric pipette with safety filler, a conical flask, and a suitable chemical indicator (e.g., methyl orange or phenolphthalein).
13. How is the end-point of an acid-base titration identified?
By closely observing the solution while adding titrant dropwise until the chemical indicator displays a sudden, permanent color change.